How Angioplasty Works
Catheter Insertion: A thin, flexible tube called a catheter is inserted into a blood vessel, usually in the groin or wrist, and guided to the affected artery.
Balloon Inflation: At the tip of the catheter, there is a small balloon. Once the catheter reaches the blocked area, the balloon is inflated to widen the artery by compressing the plaque against the artery walls.
Stent Placement (often): A stent, a small mesh-like tube, is frequently inserted during the procedure to keep the artery open permanently. Most modern stents are drug-eluting, meaning they release medication to prevent re-narrowing.
Why Angioplasty is Performed
Angioplasty is recommended for:
* Blocked arteries that cause chest pain (angina) or shortness of breath.
* Heart attack treatment to quickly reopen blocked arteries and reduce heart damage.
* Conditions where medication and lifestyle changes have not alleviated symptoms.
Procedure Overview
* Preparation: The patient receives local anesthesia and may remain awake but sedated.
* Guidance: Imaging techniques like fluoroscopy (X-ray) guide the catheter.
* Treatment: The balloon inflates to open the artery; a stent may be deployed to maintain the artery's structure.
* Completion: The balloon is deflated and removed, leaving the stent in place. The entire process typically takes 30 minutes to 2 hours, depending on the complexity
Recovery
* Hospital Stay: Patients often stay overnight for monitoring but may go home the next day.
* Rest: Light activities are encouraged after a few days, but heavy lifting or strenuous exercise should be avoided for a couple of weeks.
* Follow-up Care:Regular check-ups and possibly medication (e.g., antiplatelet drugs) are necessary to prevent clot formation and maintain heart health.
Risks and Complications
Although angioplasty is generally safe, some risks include:
*Bleeding or bruising at the catheter insertion site.
*Blood vessel damage.
*Re-narrowing of the artery (restenosis).
*Blood clots forming at the stent site.
*Rarely, heart attack or stroke during the procedure. Although angioplasty is generally safe, some risks include:
Advantages of Angioplasty
* Immediate relief from symptoms like chest pain.
* Minimally invasive with quick recovery.
* Reduces the risk of heart attack in suitable cases.
